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National IQs and Socioeconomic Development

Submission status
Reviewing

Submission Editor
Emil O. W. Kirkegaard

Authors
Leonardo Parra
Emil O. W. Kirkegaard

Title
National IQs and socioeconomic development

Abstract

Using 47 indicators of socioeconomic development and various sources of performance on cognitive tests, we constructed the SDI (socioeconomic development index) and a set of national IQs for 197 nations, the latter using no geographic imputations. Combining the various datasets reduced the estimated standard error of national IQs from 5.41 to 2.58, and a strong correlation between socioeconomic development and national IQs was observed (r = .88). 

Based on the prior that Flynn Effect gains do not pass measurement invariance, IQ scores should exhibit some non-negligible bias between countries. Empirical assessments of measurement invariance across nations finds that measurement invariance violations are uncommon, and are more prevalent in verbal than nonverbal tests. In most countries, national IQs show high levels of reliability and validity, and we encourage their use in the literature.

 

Keywords
intelligence, IQ, economic development, economics

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Paper

Reviewers ( 0 / 1 / 0 )
Reviewer 1: Considering / Revise

Fri 10 Jan 2025 19:19

Reviewer | Admin

This paper examines the relationship between national IQs and an index of socioeconomic development based on 47 indicators, and finds that it is strong. It also addresses various criticisms of national IQs. I would ask the authors to address the following minor points before I can recommend the paper for publication:

1. The authors write:

"Due to its implausibility, the estimate for North Korea (SDI = .98, which would make it the 47th most developed country in the world), was removed from the dataset, as it’s inconsistent with its very low GDP per capita.

This decision seems poorly justified. If there is reason to believe that North Korea's higher-than-expected performance on the index is due to fraudulent data then that would justify removing it, but a mere discrepancy with GDP per capita doesn't seem sufficient. The authors should provide more detail here.

2. The authors write:

"If the expected African IQ differs greatly from the observed one, then this difference is likely to be due to test bias or incorrect assumptions ... Using these parameter ranges, the expected IQ of Sub-Saharan Africa could be anywhere from 55 to 100, as shown in Figure 5."

This seems like a fairly pointless excerise, since we already know that the average IQ in Sub-Saharan Africa lies between 55 and 100. Elsewhere the authors suggest that an estimate of 70 seems plausible. The authors should consider removing this paragraph and Figure 5.

3. The authors write:

"In some cases, unweighted means are more accurate than sample size weighted means when the sample sizes of the studies are large, when the sample sizes are small ..."

The second comma here should be a full stop. There are several sentences like this. The paper needs an English check.

4. Lyman Stone has recently criticised national IQs in an article titled 'Fertility Really Isn't Dysgenic'. The authors should consider addressing his criticisms.